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101.
Yucai Lv Xiaofen Wang Ning Li Xiaojuan Wang Masaharu Ishii Yasuo Igarashi Zongjun Cui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):649-655
An e cient cellulose degrading bacteria exists in the thermophilic wheat straw-degrading community, WDC2. However, this strain
cannot be isolated and cultured using conventional separation techniques under strict anaerobic conditions. We successfully isolated
a strain of e ective cellulose degrading bacteria CTL-6 using a wash, heat shock, and solid-liquid alternating process. Analysis of its
properties revealed that, although the community containing the strain CTL-6 grew under aerobic conditions, the purified strain CTL-6
only grew under anaerobic culture conditions. The strain CTL-6 had a striking capability of degrading cellulose (80.9% weight loss after
9 days of culture). The highest e ciency value of the endocellulase (CMCase activity) was 0.404 mol/(min mL), cellulose degradation
e ciency by CTL-6 was remarkably high at 50–65°C with the highest degradation e ciency observed at 60°C. The 16S rRNA gene
sequence analysis indicated that the closest relative to strain CTL-6 belonged to the genus Clostridium thermocellum. Strain CTL-6
was capable of utilizing cellulose, cellobiose, and glucose. Strain CTL-6 also grew with Sorbitol as the sole carbon source, whereas C.
thermocellum is unable to do so. 相似文献
102.
Mitsuyuki Kawakami Fumihiko Inoue Takao Ohkubo Toshio Ueno 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):471-483
The aim of this paper is to explore and present a proposal for redesigning elements of the workplace for agech workers. The method of research was to observe, record, and measure the actions of sitting workers performing assembly operations on electrical products in the Kani Plant Nagoya Works of Mitsubishi Electric Co. (Japan). The evaluation index used in the experiment was obtained by measuring time motion elements, cycle time per product, and motion velocity waves of elderly workers. Those motion characteristics were then compared to the motion characteristics of young workers. The results led to job redesign elements being identified to reduce handling factors of high difficulty for aged workers and to the necessity to consider a coefficient of correction in Method Time Measurement (MTM) according to differences in the manufactured object’s weight. 相似文献
103.
Large-scale evaluation of the current level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from 13 regions of Japan 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Eslami B Koizumi A Ohta S Inoue K Aozasa O Harada K Yoshinaga T Date C Fujii S Fujimine Y Hachiya N Hirosawa I Koda S Kusaka Y Murata K Nakatsuka H Omae K Saito N Shimbo S Takenaka K Takeshita T Todoriki H Wada Y Watanabe T Ikeda M 《Chemosphere》2006,63(4):554-561
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in 2004 in 105 breast milk samples collected from 13 regions of Japan (Hokkaido, Akita, Miyagi, Tokyo, Gifu, Fukui, Kyoto, Hyogo, Wakayama, Shimane, Yamaguchi, Kochi and Okinawa). Six congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153 and BDE-154) were determined by gas chromatography /mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total PBDE levels ranged from 0.01 to 23.0 ng/g lipid (geometric mean (GM), 1.34 ng/g lipid). BDE-47 (GM, 0.66 ng/g lipid, 59% of sigmaPBDE) was the most abundant congener present in breast milk and was detected in 99% of the samples. Total PBDE levels were higher in northern Japan than in other regions. We analyzed the effects of occupation, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and number of deliveries on total PBDE levels. None of these factors were significantly associated with the level of PBDEs. The present study revealed that the current level of exposure to PBDEs in Japan is lower than that in the USA or Sweden. GMs (ng/g lipid) (GSD, geometric standard deviation) and medians (ng/g lipid) of PBDE levels in each district are as follows: Hokkaido 2.70 (1.70), 2.74; Akita 4.49 (2.19), 5.44; Miyagi 1.77 (4.37), 1.11; Tokyo 1.39 (2.09), 1.63, Gifu 2.83 (4.79), 2.23; Fukui 1.05 (2.34), 1.18; Kyoto 1.31 (2.95), 1.33; Hyogo 1.02 (2.69), 0.88; Wakayama 1.33 (3.80), 1.70; Shimane 0.83 (2.51), 0.66; Yamaguchi 1.74 (2.82), 1.76; Kochi 0.50 (2.69), 0.74 and Okinawa 1.91 (2.75), 1.22. This is the first large-scale study of current PBDE levels in breast milk in Japan. 相似文献
104.
Zhao B Maeda M Zhang J Zhu A Ozaki Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(2):90-97
Goal, Scope and Background Andisols are widespread in Japan and have some special properties such as high anion exchange capacity, low bulk density,
and high organic matter content, which might influence the accumulation or chemical fractionation of heavy metals. However,
few such data exist in Japanese andisols. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and chemical
fractions of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the soil profiles and subsequently to assess their potential environmental hazard.
Materials and Methods Soil samples were taken from a field experiment conducted on Japanese andisols, which had received either swine compost or
chemical fertilizers for 6 years. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were determined for all of the obtained extract solutions
by ICP-AES.
Results and Discussion Considerably higher total concentrations of Cu and Zn were observed in the top 20 cm layer of the compost-amended soil, relative
to the unfertilized soil, while chemical fertilizers had little effect. Application of the swine compost increased the concentrations
of Cu and Zn, but not Ni and Cr, in all fractions in the top 20 cm layer. The greatest increase in the organically bound fraction
(OM) Cu and dilute acid-exchangeable fraction (DAEXCH) Zn was observed. This suggests that Cu and Zn are potentially bioavailable
and mobile in the andisol profiles after 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost. On the other hand, distribution
of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr among various soil fractions was generally unaffected by chemical fertilizers.
Conclusions We observed that 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost led to an increase in total metals of Cu and Zn, as
well as their all-chemical fractions, in the top 20 cm soil layers. Potential hazard of heavy metals, especially of Cu and
Zn, as a result of the use of swine compost on andisols, must be taken into account.
Recommendations and Outlook The long-term effect of the accumulation of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn, in various plant tissues and soils, as
well as their potential risk to surface water via runoff and groundwater via leaching, needs to be carefully considered. Further
investigations in the long-term experiments are therefore necessary.
- Abbreviations. EXCH, exchangeable fraction of metals; DAEXCH, dilute acid-exchangeable fraction of metals; FeMnOX, iron and
manganese-oxide-bound fraction; OM, organically-bound fraction; RESD, residual fraction. COMPOST, SRNF, RANF, and CONTROL
stand for compost (from swine wastes), slow-release nitrogen fertilizer (coated urea), readily available nitrogen fertilizer
(including NH4-N, P, and K fertilizers), and no fertilizer application, respectively. 相似文献
105.
Hiroshi Shimizu Manai Tsuzuki Yasuo Yamazaki A. Koichi Hayashi 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2001,14(6):603-608
The study of extinguishment using water mist has been motivated due to the phase-out of the use of halens and the search for alternative means that preserve all of the benefits of a clean total flooding agent without adverse environmental impact. With the numerical simulation, we analyzed a gas–liquid two-phase problem including water (liquid), air and methane (gas) using Eulerian equations for the liquid phase and the full Navier–Stokes equations for the gas phase. Gaseous mass, momentum and energy equations are integrated simultaneously by a Harten–Yee explicit non-MUSCL modified-flux type TVD scheme for the convective terms and a central difference scheme for the viscous terms. Liquid phase conservation equations are solved with an application of a flux-vector-splitting scheme. In the experiments in an open room (500×500×500 mm) we observed an interaction of the diffusion flame with the water mists. The results show remarkable flame quenching and a good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. 相似文献
106.
Nakao Keisuke Suto Hitoshi Hattori Yasuo Kikumoto Hideki 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2022,22(4):663-682
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - This study applies the models describing the effect of a neutrally stratified high-Reynolds-number boundary layer on peak wind estimation. A neutrally stratified... 相似文献